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DEFINITION & CHARACTERISTICS
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Molds are simple, microscopic organisms that are needed for breaking down dead materials, acting as nature's decomposers. Molds produce microscopic cells called "spores," which are very tiny and lightweight, allow them to travel through the air.
Live spores act like seeds, forming new mold growths (or colonies) when they find the right conditions. Growths can often be seen in the form of discoloration, ranging in color from white to orange and from green to brown to black. Most people believe that mold exists only when they can see it growing; however, the fact is that mold spores are always present.
Once established in a building, molds can spread, destroying structural wood components, causing cosmetic problems, and it can be hard to eliminate. In large numbers, mold spores can also cause health problems that include: nasal and sinus congestion, dry cough, wheezing, sore throat, shortness of breath, burning eyes, skin irritation, central nervous system problems, and other respiratory problems.
People vary in their sensitivity to mold in the air. The elderly, children, those with respiratory problems, and people with compromised immune systems are most vulnerable to the effects of mold, but even healthy people may react to high concentrations.
The problem of mold is one that no homeowner can afford to ignore. Mold has been suggested as one possible factor in the so-called Sick Building Syndrome. SBS occurs when the occupants of a building experience acute health effects that seem to be linked to time spent in a building.
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HOW MOLD GROWS
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Like all living things, mold spores need certain conditions to reproduce and grow. Mold needs water, food, and the right temperature range. Mold grows better in a dark environment, and with an organic, porous material to grow on. Such material often provides a source of both food and water.
Unfortunately, buildings provide an almost ideal environment to support the growth of mold. The typical temperatures are right, and there are plenty of dark places and organic substances. Just add water, and you've created a perfect mold breeding ground.
TYPES OF GROWTH
 Mold spores will grow when they are dropped on places with excessive moisture such as a location where there has been flooding or where leakage may have occurred in roofs, pipes, walls, or plant pots. Wet materials are conducive for the growth of numerous molds.
Three main types of mold/fungal growth are as follows:
Surface Mold - If it's on the surface, on the condensation level, and it's not into matrixes, it usually can be cleaned through regular maintenance.
Limited Mold Growth - This could show settled spores and trace growth. You should advise a professional in this situation.
Extensive Mold Growth - In this situation it is highly recommended to call Mold Remediation Professionals such as National Waterproofing Systems to remove the mold.
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ENEMIES OF MOLD
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Even though mold has survived for millions of years, it does have its weaknesses. The sun, wind, rain and other conditions all keep mold in check. Below are some items that have a negative influence on mold growth:
Borate, one of the best natural enemies of mold, is also one of the oldest laundry detergents. A solution is made from borate and water, distilled is preferred.
Fungicides that list ingredients like Benzalkonium Chloride or chemicals called "quats" (quaternary ammoniums).
Antimicrobial chemicals that have metallic oxides or borates as ingredients work for mold prevention as well as for prevention of termite and carpenter ant infestations.
Although salt can kill mold, it is not used to remove mold from walls nor to disinfect. A strong concentration is necessary to kill mold .
UV lights, in the form of direct sunlight or special high-wattage UV bulbs, can kill mold and mold spores.
Tobacco smoke, which may reduce the indoor air quality (IAQ) leaves a film on household objects that appears to be toxic to mold and mold spores.
Dry indoor condition, relative humidity below 50%, can keep mold spores from germinating.
Improved air conditions, especially in basements and crawlspaces is key to reducing/removing mold from a home.
Mothballs emit vapors that inhibit mold growth.
Chlorine bleach can kill mold, but in commonly used dilutions, its usefulness is diminished to ineffectiveness. Concentrated chlorine bleach can be hazardous to a person's health.
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